Early detection and diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by gently progressive, irreversible bronchoobstruction due to chronic airway inflammation. COPD is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world and contributes to the increase in the cost of healthcare. The disease is usually diagnosed at a relatively late stage, primarily because patients adapt to the state of reduced pulmonary function and doctors are late to recognize the symptoms. Delayed diagnosis results in a more severe clinical state, with frequent exacerbations and hospitalizations and significantly reduced quality of life. Diagnosis and treatment of COPD already in the early stages of the disease is of utmost importance. The importance of spirometry has to be emphasized in high-risk group of smokers, particularly those older than 40 years with a history of 20 or more years of smoking. Spirometry is the “gold standard” of diagnosis and assessment of COPD. In addition to early diagnosis, early therapeutic actions are crucial, smoking cessation being the most important therapeutic measure. Numerous evidence suggests that early detection, diagnosis and treatment of COPD simultaneously combined with physical activity and smoking cessation may provide sound control of symptoms and may prevent or stop the progression of the disease. 

Key words:
COPD; screening; smoking; spirometry