Minimally invasive surgery in urology

Abstract:

Minimally invasive surgery is characterized by less operative trauma, reduced morbidity, shorter hospitalisation and minimal scarring, while providing similar diagnostic and therapeutic effect to open surgery. From the introduction of cystoscope in 1877 to the development of robotics, urology is the leading medical field in the application of minimally invasive surgical techniques. Endoscopy has become the method of choice for the treatment of urolithiasis and pathology of urinary tract. Almost all urological operations can be performed laparoscopically. Continuous development of techniques and robotics and improvement in energy resources holds promise for dynamic future and further reduction of operative trauma and morbidity. 

Key words:
laparoscopy; laser therapy; robotics; surgical procedures, minimally invasive